Terminal Commands

    In XUBUNTU 20.04, You have Terminal Emulator and Let's See some basic commands to use Terminal Emulator easily.

    To start the default terminal emulator and get to the command line, either:

    Navigate to → Accessories → Terminal Emulator

    Press Alt+F2 and run xfce4-terminal

These commands are case sensitive. If you want to go to Music folder. Then you have to type "M" here and with "m", it won't work. Okay, let's see some common commands.

• cd

changes to another directory. Just type the name of the folder you want to go.

ex:- cd Music 

• cd .. 

go back to the previous folder

• cd /

takes you to the root directory 

• cp

copy a file 

• mkdir

create a new folder.

ex:- mkdir Classical (a folder named Classical will be created)

• ls 

Lists files in a directory

• ls -a

    list all contents in working directory including hidden files and folders.        

• ls -l

    list all contents in working directory in long format 

• ls -t

    list all contents in working directory by modified time

• pwd 

Shows your current location
    

• touch 

creates a text file. 

        ex:-   touch eng_song (creates a text file named "eng_song")
 

• rm 

removes a file
       ex:-  rm eng_song (remove the file named "eng_song")

• rmdir

remove a directory (an empty directory)

• rm -r

remove a directory with its contents

• mv

to move files from a directory to another directory or rename a file.

• df

displays information about your file system

• du

displays the size of directories.

• uname -a

basic information about the system

• cal

shows a calender 

• sudo

We can run any command as an administrator by using the command with sudo. When you using the command "sudo", it will asks your password and remember it for 15 mintues.

ex- 

    sudo apt-get update 

    sudo apt-get upgrade

    sudo apt-get install

    sudo apt-get remove 

    sudo poweroff 

(Read more about "sudo" command)

• history

it shows all of your previous commands used in the terminal.

• Mousepad file_name

    (My Text Editor is Mousepad.)

ex:- 
        Mousepad hello 

(create a Mousepad text file named hello)
 

If the program you wish to run as an administrator is graphical, such as the Mousepad text editor, run the command with pkexec in the command line.

pkexec mousepad /path/to/file

• apt-get 

We use "apt-get" to install,update, upgrade or remove a package.

ex:-     

•     sudo apt-get install <package-name>        
  
•     sudo apt-get upgrade <package-name>
•     sudo apt-get update <package-name>
•     sudo apt-get remove <package-name>
• remove a package
  
•     sudo apt-get purge <package-name>
• remove a package with the configuration and other data files
  
•     sudo apt-get autoremove  
• remove unwanted packages

• apt-cache     
• apt-cache queries and displays available information about installed
  and installable packages.

• date    

 Tells you the date and time in many different formats, timezones, and conversions.     

ex:- date [options]

• editor     

Opens a text file in an editor     

ex:- editor [file]

• poweroff

power off your computer from terminal.

ex:- sudo poweroff

•  grep     

Searches strings or files     

• less     

Shows the contents of a text file    
 

• man     

displays a manual page.

ex:- 1.man man

provides information about manual itself

       2.man intro

introduction to user commands

• catfish     

File searching tool which is configurable via the command line
 

• mousepad     

Simple Xfce oriented text editor
 

• pavucontrol     

PulseAudio Volume Control
 

• simple-scan     

Simple Scanning Utility 

• xfce4-appfinder     

Find and launch applications installed on your system
 

• xfce4-appfinder     

Run a program
 

• xfce4-dict     

Dictionary plugin for Xfce4 panel
 

• xfce4-taskmanager     

Go to Task Manager